Papers
	CHI 1995 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems © 1995 ACM 799 KB George W. Fitzmaurice, Hiroshi Ishii, and William Buxton University of Toronto ABSTRACT This paper introduces the concept of Graspable User Interfaces which allow direct control of electronic or virtual objects through physical handles for control. These physical artifacts are essentially new input devices which can be tightly coupled or "attached" to virtual objects for manipulation or for expressing action (e.g., to set parameters or for initiating processes). We present three steps in the development of these ideas. First, as a note on research methodology, we outline a series of exploratory studies that were conducted. Secondly, we describe a prototype system called "Bricks" and a sample application, GraspDraw, which was developed to investigate the Graspable UI concepts and to design new one- and two-handed interaction techniques. The physical artifacts, or bricks, operate on top of a large horizontal display surface known as the ActiveDesk. Finally, we conclude by presenting a design space for Bricks which lay the foundation for further exploring and developing graspable user interfaces.